A 2-year-old male Maremma sheepdog presenting with chronic vomiting-regurgitation was examined at the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Camerino University. An oesophagogastroscopy under general anaesthesia (flexible video endoscope, 160 cm length and 9.8 cm Ø, Mercury Produzione, Foligno, Italy) with a single blue + green (BG) filter, restricting wavelengths from 400 to 550 nm, was carried out. A conventional white light endoscopy showed a dilated oesophagus with mildly diffuse erythematous mucosa (more accentuated proximal to the cardia, where small superficial bleeding areas were also present; the mucosa reacted by bleeding at the slightest touch of the tip of the endoscope) (Fig. 1a). Within the stomach, some fluid was present on the gastric fundus and the visible gastric mucosa appeared slightly and diffusely erythematous. Using BG endoscopy, bleeding lesions of the distal oesophagus were visible as dark blue areas (Fig. 1b), more clearly defined from the remaining mucosa compared with a white light endoscopy (Fig. 1a). With regards to the antrum, no differences between the two imaging techniques were observed with respect to the appearance of the gastric mucosa, but BG imaging revealed a small roundish area of a slightly darker blue tint, not visible with the white light endoscopy (Fig. 2a, b, c and d). While waiting for the histopathology results, symptomatic therapy was administered. The histopathology of targeted BG biopsies from the distal oesophagus, the antrum (including the area highlighted only by the BG endoscopy) and the gastric body, showed chronic-active hyperplastic esophagitis with micro-erosions and moderate superficial squamous epithelial dysplasia, severe diffuse hyperaemic gastritis of the antrum and superficial diffuse atrophy of the gastric body; also GHLOs were present. After making a diagnosis of esophagitis and megaesophagus probably associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) due to vomiting/gastritis, a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube was inserted. It was then removed when the dog stopped vomiting and was slowly gaining weight.
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Flexible magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging (ME-NBI) has outstanding diagnostic correctness for gastrointestinal metaplasia and is hoped for being highly useful in the diagnosis of cervical metaplasia. This study aims to detect the feature findings and access the diagnostic power of ME-NBI for diagnosis of cervical metaplasia.
20 women were undergoing vaginal smear and at the same time, Flexible NBI-ME was performed. After written consent was obtained from all patients vaginal examination was done. Cusco speculum is used to examination a cervix by endoscopy using white light imaging, and. Narrow-band image at the long, middle, and short distances images and video of ME-NBI were taken to investigate the cervical lesions. The images were analyzed, built on cytology result.
The thoracic cavity is the most frequent site of extrapelvic endometriosis. It exhibits a wide variety of clinical manifestations, such as chest pain, cough, and respiratory distress, and is frequently associated with pelvic endometriosis. Although histological confirmation is the gold standard for a definitive diagnosis, endoscopic identification of the affected area is often difficult. Narrow band imaging (NBI) is an imaging technique that emphasizes vascular structures and is reported to be useful in the diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis.
Extrapelvic endometriosis is caused by ectopic endometrial tissue outside the abdominopelvic cavity [1]. The thoracic cavity is the most frequent site with a wide variety of clinical manifestations such as chest pain, coughing, and respiratory distress [2, 3]. Although histological confirmation is the gold standard for a definitive diagnosis, endoscopic identification of the affected area is often difficult similar to that of pelvic endometriosis [4]. Narrow band imaging (NBI) is an imaging technique that emphasizes vascular structures and has been reported to be useful for the laparoscopic diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis [5]. Here, we report two cases of thoracic endometriosis exhibiting a catamenial pneumothorax successfully diagnosed by NBI. 2ff7e9595c
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